The Use Of Solar Energy Does Not Pollute The Environment...

O Land The name of the city is O Town. The land is located in Kailua, Hawaii. Kailua is a city with a population of about 38,000 people. The year is 2057. The weather in the city is sunny and partly cloudy most of the year; breezy with mild temperatures. Hawaii is a state that is located in the Pacific Ocean southwest of the mainland United States. It consists mainly of a chain of eight islands, including Hawaii. The largest, Oahu, is the location of Honolulu, the state s capital and largest city. Hawaii is the Fiftieth state admitted to the United States in 1959. The quality of life for all O Town citizens is much improved since pollution is significantly less than it use to be. Use of solar energy does not pollute the†¦show more content†¦The maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health is a privilege to all citizens. Because citizens in O Town have fewer health problems, people will live longer. People who have less stress are happier. Citizens will want to help their fellow citizens and homelessness is a thing of the past. Citizens can take all of the money they save from low cost energy and do other things with it, like take more vacations. O town has a variety of schools that are free to the public. Schools not only focus on academics but also art, crafts, vocation music and other disciplines. O Town has a community college where students can get a higher education once they have graduated from high school. The school offers field trips to the city’s zoo and local farms. Some of the younger students w ill go on to a university that is located in near by Honolulu. O Town has grown significantly in the past twenty years by incorporating smaller nearby towns that it consumed when it grew. Some of the new area has been converted into large parks and wildlife habitats. Civil engineers redesigned roads to make travel easier to adjoining towns. Environmental engineers make sure that the water treatment plant uses the latest technology to ensure that people have clean and healthy drinking water. O Town has a wide range of shops to provide citizens in the community with all of their needs for a productive daily life. A largeShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy : Alternative Energy1559 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative energy can be defined as Energy, as solar, wind, or nuclear energy, that can replace or supplement traditional fossil-fuel sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When thinking about alternative energy sources we generally focus on the main types: nuclear, solar, win d, and hydroelectric. These are things that mainly do not cause pollution and are very environmentally friendly (Alternative Energy). Alternative energy is thought to be renewable and â€Å"free.† Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, SolarRead MoreRenewable Energy Is Important For Our Environment1610 Words   |  7 Pagestransition from fossil fuels and coal to renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biofuels in an attempt to reduce carbon emissions, which in turn pollute the environment and contribute to adverse climate change. Even though renewable energy is able to regenerate, does not mean that it has no ecological footprint or that renewable energy is completely sustainable for our environment (Week 14 Energy Use Transportation/Renewable Energy Sources). A renewable source of energy is usuallyRead MoreThe Conservation Of Fossil Fuels1690 Words   |  7 PagesDanny Rivera Ms. Weiland English 4 25 September 2014 Conservation of Fossil fuels Current fossil fuel usage continues to dominate the global energy sector. Our atmosphere can only take so much damage before it gives in. Our atmosphere protects us all the time from the sun’s damaging rays, the least we could do is take care of it. The atmosphere’s well being is not the only problem we could face. Global warming is causing the Earth’s ocean levels to rise, although the water rises slowly it couldRead MoreSociety s Reliance On Renewable Energy1526 Words   |  7 Pagesburning of fossil fuels for energy threatens to harm the environment. Transitioning from a fossil fuel energy economy to a solar-based one will not harm the Earth. Rather than pursuing a harmful energy policy in which big corporations continue to overload the ecosystem with fossil fuels, society could be using local renewable energy sources. The fossil fuel companies who have grown rich extracting raw materials from the ground want to interfere and co-opt with the expansion of ren ewable energy. PeopleRead MorePollution, A Silent Death922 Words   |  4 Pagesand fresh air. Now this may sound like the perfect world to many, but to others it sounds impossible. It takes a lot to make it happen and there are many steps before reaching that perfect world. Pollution has many factors, from litter, garbage and plastics to oil spills, urban air and greenhouse gasses. Things like this cause natural disasters and environment hazards such as hurricanes, floods, avalanches and storms. The sad truth is that no matter what nature does it’s going to survive, humans areRead MoreNuclear Energy, A Better Energy Source?995 Words   |  4 PagesNuclear Energy, a Better Energy Source? Over the last decades, there’s been a worldwide debate over leaning off the use of fossil fuel, our main source of energy. Fossil fuel has been the world’s prime energy source and this has caused earth to becoming polluted. Because of this many suggest to change the way we make energy. Many say the energy used to substitute fossil fuel is nuclear energy. Nuclear energy is made from from uranium, which is highly radioactive. Although this route may sound goodRead MoreU.s. Should Replace Fossil Fuel With Renewable Energy994 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2016 Renewable Energy The U.S. should replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. There are many reasons that the U.S. can use renewable energy to improve the economy. First of all, renewable energy can have a more stable price. Unlike fossil fuel, renewable energy is a continual source of energy that will not be as demanded, and will not cause inflation. Next, using renewable energy is a key to having a clean and green environment. It will not cause pollution to the environment and will keep citiesRead MoreSustainability And Construction Practices : Department Of Civil Engineering1256 Words   |  6 PagesScope of renewable energy 3 Types of renewable energy i. Solar power 3 ii. Wind power 5 iii. Biomass 6 iv. Geothermal energy 7 v. hydropower 8 Conclusion 8 References 9â€Æ' RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY IN SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION: It is the energy comes from natural resources like sun light, wind, rain water and geothermal heat. As we all know that coal, oil, gas are limited in nature they might run out some day renewable energy is the best way toRead MoreAlternative Sources of Renewable Energy Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe need for energy is growing as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday uses. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth formed in a previous time period millions of years ago that are nonrenewable and are used for energy today. Fossil fuels have to be burned in order to produce energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or ever be used again. Renewable energy is a supplyRead MoreEssay about Solar Power: The Future of Energy1431 Words   |  6 Pagesterms green house gases, fossil fuels, and global warming. Have you ever questioned what will happen if nothing is done about the environmental problems facing the world today? What if I answer you that, we can merely use the power from the sun to power up our entire planet without the use of harmful energy sources, which affect our atmosphere? The power from the sun is what we call solar power. Solar power is the energy that comes from the sun as light and heat energy, and then it is later converted

Removal of Indian Tribes in 1700 - 1389 Words

No, I do not agree that Georgia and the United States were justified in forcing the Indian tribes to leave their homeland and move to the Oklahoma territory. I believe the Tribes were taken advantage of and abused by the states whenever possible. In 1971 the Cherokee tribe was in the process of making treaties with United States. The state of Georgia recognized the Cherokee tribe as a nation allowing them to make their own laws and follow their native customs. In the late 1700’s their land started to be invaded by the white man. The Cherokee Indians began to move to Arkansas. (Historical Context) I believe the Indians were taken advantage of and had no option but to move when their land was taken away from them. Georgia and the United†¦show more content†¦Georgia has not rights on the land or people. Therefore â€Å"the Acts of Georgia are repugnant to the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States.†. (DBQ Doc 2) That being said the judgment against Worcester was reversed. In 1810 the confrontation between Tecumseh and William Harrison at Vincennes, Indiana leads to more lose of land for the Tribes. The signing of the Treaty of Greenville, which took more of the Indians land from them was intended to make things work easer for Tribal members and settlers. During that time frame additional treaties (Treaty of Grouseland and Treaty of Vincennes) were signed. More land was given to Americans but still â€Å"resulted in an easing of tension by allowing the settlers into Indiana and appeasing the Indians with reimbursement for the lands the settlers were squatting on†.(DBQ Doc 3) Statements by Chief Tecumseh leads to further verification that the Indians felt wronged in the swapping of their land. Tecumseh states â€Å"we gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game, and in return what did they give our warriors and our women? Rum, trinkets and a grave.†(DBQ Doc 4) Based on the maps presented there is further proof that the Cherokee Tribe was losing more and more land to United States. The original extent of the Cherokee claims give the Tribe land in following states West Virginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky andShow MoreRelatedEssay The Southeast Native Americans: Cherokees and Creeks898 Words   |  4 Pages and diseases. However, the Indians received more diseases compared to the few new diseases to the Europeans. The new diseases resulted in a massive loss of Native Americans, including the Southeast Indians which had never encountered the new diseases. Three of the main tribes in the southeast were the Cherokee and the Creek. They were part of a group of southeast tribes that were removed from their lands. These tribes later became known as â€Å"The Five Civilized Tribes because of their progress andRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : American History1631 Words   |  7 PagesWhen people hear abo ut the Trail of Tears, the only thought to really pop up in their mind is a bunch of Indians died while being forced to emigrate from their homes. Many people believe that the Trail of Tears revolves only around the Cherokee Indians because the name came from their language. Of the Cherokee who made it to the west without death taking them, they called this forced removal, â€Å"Nunna Daul Isunyi—The Trail Where We Cried† (Langguth, 311). The Trail of Tears is a blackspot on AmericanRead MoreRemoval Act of 1830 Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesRemoval Act of 1830 Two distinct cultures existed on this Earth with the migration of man many thousands of years ago from Eurasia to the American continent. The people from the migration to the Americas had absolutely no contact with the people in Europe and Asia after they migrated. In fact, the two civilizations evolved in totally different manners, and at different speeds. The people in the Americas, or Native Americans existed mainly as hunter-gatherers using tools of bone, wood, andRead MoreEssay Undoing Stereotypes in the Movie, Dances With Wolves1209 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing nothing but brutal, blood thirsty savages. The film Dances With Wolves focuses mainly on one man named Jon Dunbar and his growing relationship with the Lakota Sioux Indian tribe. The Lakota Sioux Indian tribe migrated in the 1700s to different areas in South Dakota. For over one hundred and sixty years, the Lakota tribe held a massive piece of land in the plains to support their numerous herds of bison, which they also hunted in order to survive. They lived in the typical teepees and wereRead MoreSignificance Of The Selected Image Does Not Have An Official Title954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Chetco Indians of Oregon, and there is no known record of her previous name. She is well-known for being that last full-blooded Chetco Indian, serving as a sort of symbol for a people and a way of life that has deteriorated due to the relocation and assimilation enforced upon Oregon Native Americans by white settlers. It can be said that this photograph is representative of the plights experienced by the Indigenous people of Oregon in the years leading up to Western Oregon Indian TerminationRead MoreManifest Destiny and the Genocide of the Native American Indian1366 Words   |  6 Pagesconquer to continue with their Manifest Destiny Ideal. Many wars were fought between the American’s and the Indians. The conflict between these two groups of people led to the infamous â€Å"Trail of Tear.† During the 1800’s Native Americans were forced out of their homes and off their native land. This forced excavation of the Native Americans lead to a massive number of deaths among the tribes. C. Evaluation of the Sources America’s Westward Expansion was published on suite101, an American HistoryRead MoreEthnic Groups and Discrimination- Native Americans791 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscriminating against them. The immigration of Indian American has taken place in several waves since the first Indian American came to the United States in the 1700’s. Indians are among the largest ethnic groups legally immigrating to the United States. When white people first landed on the east coast, they pushed the Native Americans back with peace treaties, trade agreements and if that failed, violence. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a mass relocation of Indians to west of the Mississippi. This movementRead MoreWar Between Europeans And Indians1745 Words   |  7 Pagesrelations between Native Americans and non-Natives in North America. Intertribal conflicts among the Indians, and nationalistic rivalries, lacking faith, and expansion desires on the part of non-natives worsened these tensions. The re sulting white and native conflicts often took a particularly bad turn and resulted in the near destruction of the native people(Native American). War between Europeans and Indians was common back in the 1600s. In 1622, the Powhatans nearly wiped out the already struggling JamestownRead MoreJake Carlson. Cullen, Engc 1101-33. Argumentative Essay.1370 Words   |  6 Pageswere forced on a 1,00-mile march to the established Indian Territory with few provisions. Approximately 4,000 Cherokees died on this â€Å"Trail of Tears†. (Library of Congress 1) In the 16th century Europeans began to make appearances in North America. By the late 1700’s most tribal lands on the east coast were occupied by Europeans. In 1776 what we know now as the United States of America was founded. For many years to come Native American tribes fought against England, France, and Spain for controlRead MoreCruel and Inhuman Treatment of Native Americans by the Colonists1494 Words   |  6 Pagesdesire or reason anything but minimal contact with the Indians. However, starting in the 1700s the European colonists population skyrocketed. The need for more resources became evident and the colonists knew they could attain these necessities by creating a relationship of mutual benefit with the Native tribes. The Indians, at first skeptical, however became growingly open to the colonists and the relationship they were looking to attain. Indian furs were traded for colonial goods and military alliances

Contemporary Status of Women in the Us Free Essays

Women have come a long way from the early 1900’s when they gained their equal right to vote, to now where it seems women have equal rights to do just about anything. Women have been increasingly joining the economic work force since the last 100 years or so. Although, women in the work force have been increasing in numbers are they given an equal and fair chance compared to that of men? A quick glance on the subject would suggest that women are given equal and fair chances in the work force; however, upon closer inspection it seems women in fact are not given the same fair and equal opportunities as men. We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Status of Women in the Us or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women are subjected to occupation gender segregation and unfair pay gaps in comparison to men. Nevertheless, women are working diligently and successfully to break down these unjust barriers that are keeping them from having equal opportunities. According to Margaret L. Andersen and Dana Hysock Witham, in Thinking about Women: Sociological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, gender segregation is â€Å"the pattern whereby women and men are situated in different jobs thought the labor force† (128). This can be made an example of in obvious occupations such as: kindergarten and preschool teachers, nurses, librarians, and house cleaners, versus college professors, doctors, lawyers, and construction works. The former, when typically imagined, the first image that comes to mind is a woman, whereas the latter is associated with a man. These occupations are associated with certain genders because generally speaking those jobs are and have traditionally been a certain gender dominated. Philip N. Cohen, and Matt L. Huffman, in Occupational Segregation and the Devaluation of Women’s Work Across U. S. Labor Markets, hypothesis that gender segregation in the workforce exists because of the â€Å"discrimination both in the allocation of workers across the job categories and in how female-dominated jobs are rewarded relative to male-dominated jobs† (882). Women are â€Å"blocked access† to typical male dominated jobs because of social ideas and cultural norms that say that women cannot effectively do the work of men, which requires intellect, leadership, hard labor, and other skills traditionally associated with men. Rather, women are kept in low paying jobs that often do not lead to promotions and involve skills that they have traditionally been known for, such as cooking, cleaning, taking care of children, obeying men’s orders, and things of that nature. Because women and men are kept in jobs that relate to their traditional gender based skills, it creates a segregation of the labor force instead of creating a heterogeneous labor force were men and women are equally interested in and are hired in certain occupations. Women’s work is also often undervalued in society, especially in comparison to the work of men. Because of this undervaluing of women’s work women are additionally rewarded far less than men are. A wage gap is the difference between the earnings of men and women in the workforce. Today â€Å"women earn only 77 percent of what men earn, at least on average† (DeNavas-Walt qtd. in Andersen and Hysock Witham 137). The wage gap between women and men can be attributed to occupational segregation and wage discrimination. Occupational segregation places women in lower skilled jobs that underutilize and devalues women’s skills and potential to work and be successful in the labor force (Karamessini and Ioakimoglou 34). Employers usually pay their employee’s wages that they see fit in relation to, how much they deem an employee and his or her skills are worth in the company, and how they contribute to the company. Because women’s work and skills are undervalued by a majority of society they are in turn paid less compared to men. Additionally, women usually seek out or are put into jobs that are women dominated. Again since women’s work is undervalued, once an occupation becomes a woman dominated occupation, the job itself becomes less valuable and people in that job eventually are paid less in that occupation compared to if it had been a male dominated occupation. The wage gap is also impacted by wage discrimination. The unequal pay of women based on gender rather than qualifications and skills is wage discrimination. In Joel T. Nadler and Margaret S. Stockdale’s article, Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers they quote Kolesnikova ; liu , â€Å"Although the gender wage gap has been decreasing over the last thirty years there is still a difference in salary between men and women in similar careers with similar experience† (282). Women are still being paid less than men despite having equal or better fit skills and or qualifications than men. Women are making progress in making the wage gap between men and women non-existent, however, progress has been slowing. Women are slowly but surely making significant progress in leveling the playing field in the labor market for both men and women. Progress can be seen in closing the wage gap between genders and in the desegregating of gender based jobs. â€Å"The earnings gap between men and women has shrunk to a record low†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dennis 01a). Dennis attributes it to the prosperity of women in the 21century economy and the fact that the recession has negatively affected men’s pay. He additionally continues to discuss how not only has white women’s wages increased, black women’s wages have also seen an increase in the past nine years. Women’s wages have been slowly increasing and becoming even with that of men. This increase can be attributed to women breaking down barriers of gender segregation in the work force. â€Å"Women have been moving into high-paying professional jobs such as accountants, lawyers and physician† (Dennis 01a). These occupations are typically male dominated. However, it seems in recent years the occupations’ genders have been less homogenous and more of an even or close to even mixture of both genders. As women are taking over more male dominated jobs, such as perhaps managerial jobs, it seems that there are sacrifices that women have to make where as men usually do not. â€Å"Studies indicate career oriented women are more likely to delay relationships or children in order to advance their careers† (Hoffnung qtd. Nadler and Stockdale 282). Because women are taking on traditionally male dominated occupations they are under extra scrutiny and watch, therefore, women feel the pressure to perform well and make sacrifices in the name of their job. Women can feel that in order to be successful they are required to choose work over family life. The pressures over performing well in a women’s career life and also balancing their social or family life can create anxiety and unhealthy stress for women. Although, women have been successful in further closing the wage gap and breaking down gender segregation within the workforce, their progress it seems has also come at the price of choosing a career or a family. Although women have come a long way since the early 1900’s it seems that they are still subjected to unequal treatment compared to men. Women face gender segregation in the workforce which makes it difficult to attain prestigious and high paying jobs. Women are also subjected to being paid less than men regardless of having equal or superior skills. Nevertheless, women are facing these obstacles head on. Women are now more than CEO’s, they are leveling the playing field between genders in the labor force and re demanding, and showing that they deserve equal pay. Works cited Andersen, Margaret L. , and Dana Hysock Witham. Thinking About Women, SociologicalPerspectives On Sex And Gender. 9. Boston : Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. â€Å"Closing The Gender Gap. † Society 30. 3 (1993): 3. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. Cohen, Philip N. , and Matt L. Huffman. â€Å"Occupational Segregation And The Devaluation Of Women’s Work Across U. S. Labor Markets . † Social Forces 81. 3 (2003): 881-908. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Dennis, Cauchon. Gender pay gap smallest on record. † USA Today n. d. : Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Karamessini, Maria, and Elias Ioakimoglou. â€Å"Wage Determination And The Gender Pay Gap: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis And Decomposition. † Feminist Economics 13. 1 (2007): 31-66. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Nadler, Joel T. , and Margaret S. Stockdale. â€Å"Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers. † North American Journal Of Psychology 14. 2 (2012): 281-291. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. How to cite Contemporary Status of Women in the Us, Essay examples

Mental Health Nursing Incidence of Prevalence of Depression

Question: Describe about the Mental Health Nursing for Incidence of Prevalence of Depression. Answer: Incidence of Prevalence of Depression and Suicide in Australia The use of term depression is done in many ways. It is used to describe the temporary state of low mood, which is often experienced by people at some point or the other in life. Such problems occur due to some kind of psychiatric disorders. Depression is considered as the state of mind that generally occurs and goes off. Such conditions occur at specific stages of life. Sometimes depression and suicidal thoughts are also result of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the result of traumatic events in life. The clinical diagnosis of depression is detected through specific signs and symptom, which makes it a syndrome. The widely used classification systems in Australia are Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) (APA 1994) and the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10) (WHO 1992) (Depression in residential aged care 20082012, 2013). Tenth edition (ICD-10), has now been replaced by ICD-9. Most of the clinical prac tice of depression is done through DSM-IV. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), in the year 2011, 2,273 deaths by suicide were registered in Australia (Statistics on suicide in Australia, 2014). According to these reports, more males commit suicides than females. However, according to the aged care study symptoms of depression are higher in females than males (Depression in residential aged care 20082012, 2013). The rural societies of Australia also face more burdens of suicidal deaths. The suicidal rate of males is higher than suicidal rate of males in non-rural areas (Klves et al, 2012). There is a wide gap in the suicide rate among metropolitan and rural areas. Thus, depression and suicide is a great burden for Australia. Due to different environment, genetic, psychological and social factors, people suffer from depression and often commit suicides. Factors Affecting Mental Health of Individuals Mental illness or mental health of individuals is shaped by many economic, social, and physical environmental factors. In the developed countries, the social distribution and high prevalence of mental disorders have been well documented. Depression is a kind of mental disorder, which can be a result of stressful situations. It is a most common mental health disorder in aged people, who are above the age of 65 (Thomas, 2012). According to the case study of Edward, he has faced the separation from his parents, and has gone through a traumatic situation of his sons death through suicide. DSM-IV classification of depression is done on the types of symptoms and signs and severity (Fu, Parahoo, 2009). Significant weight loss, Insomnia or hypersomnia, loss of energy, feeling of being worthless, feeling of guilt and suicidal thoughts are some of the signs of depression. Edward is going through a disturbed mental state and has shown symptoms of reduced diet, Insomnia, weight loss and suicidal thoughts, which clarifies that he is suffering from depression. Elderly individuals may unknowingly display the symptoms of psychiatric problems. According to the study of Fu, Parahoo (2009), the main factors identified for mental disorders are conflict in extended family, early life experiences, changes in life circumstances, death of family member and long term physical illness. Not a single factor is responsible for affecting the mental state of an individual, but there are many contributing factors and specific changes in the brain that led to signs and symptoms of depression. According to a research study it is also found that people working on farms in Australia are also affected by ment al disorders. The study states that people living and working on farms are also subject to a number of environmental, climatic, economic and social stressors which may impact on their sense of wellbeing and also on their mental health (Fragar et al, 2007). There is not accurate information available related to the rate of mental illness and mental health condition of the farm workers. However, study reveals that suicide rates in Australian farm workers (males) is very high. According to the case study of Edward, he had been an assistant at farm and now he and his wife work as farm worker on their own farm land. Ethical-Legal Issue and Decision Making For Treatment of Depression Applying the ethical and legal principles in nursing and treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders is very important. Medical management and treatment of depression bring up many ethical issues for the medical professionals and nursing staff. Nurses play a significant role in providing quality care and improving the patient outcomes, which require appropriate consideration of legal and ethical principles of practice. Ethical dilemma could arise at the time of informed consent (Stuart, 2014). When a patient is diagnoses with mental illness, it is considered that they may have a loss of decision making capacity (DMC) (Hindmarch, Hotopf, Owen, 2013). However the ethical principle of autonomy states that informed consent of the patient is very important. The patient like Edward, who is suffering from depression, may not be able to provide the consent and may refuse to take medication. In such cases ethical dilemma arises for the nurses, where they have to respect the decisions of the patient and on the other hand it creates conflict between autonomy and Beneficence. In this situation nurses can try to take patients consent for medication or treatment without any kind of pressure or control, in order to work ethically and respecting clients dignity (Amer, 2013). Legal capacity of decision making of a patient depends on four factors. First patient must be able to express choice, second is patient must be also to understand relevant information related to treatment, third is that respect towards patients choice of treatment and fourth is logical weighing the treatment process (Hindmarch, Hotopf, Owen, 2013). People under mental illness are safeguarded under same civil rights in every federal/state laws. The main legal issue is that mentally ill patients may not be considered as legally competent. It is illegal to consider any patient as legally incompetent till the time it has not been declared by court (Townsend, 2014). Nursing Risks and Rational Ineffective coping: The first nursing risk could be associated with ineffective coping of the patient. Ineffective coping increases the risk of suicide. Edward may display ineffective coping by displaying inability to understand information, sleep disturbance, destructive behavior towards self and inadequate capability of decision making. Ineffective coping can worsen the mental condition of the patient (Haddad, Buszewicz, Murphy, 2011). Rational: Causes of ineffective coping must be observed, such as sign of grief, self destruction, suicidal thoughts, and recent traumatic events in life. It is important to identify the situational factors related to the case of patient, in order to help him cop with situational conditions and to effectively respond towards treatment. Situational factors can increase the risk of sucide thus patient must be encouraged to express fear, emotions and goals (Haddad, Buszewicz, Murphy, 2011). Hopelessness: Such feeling can occur when the patient feels that nothing can be done to help him. The appetite of the patient is decreased and he may also lack in taking self care. The factors responsible for such issue are abandonment, deteriorating psychological condition and isolation Nurses are often convinced by the patients belief that nothing can be done to help them. This kind of behavior influences the nurses to focus on his or her sadness (Haddad, Buszewicz, Murphy, 2011). Rational: Such problem or risk can arise when nurses have lack of knowledge and skills. They must not have high expectations from their capabilities, as this can affect the quality of nursing practice. Nursing Intervention Ineffective Coping Intervention Nurses must observe the cause that leads to ineffective coping skills in patients. Rational: coping skills helps patients to fight with their depression and develop critical thinking to cop up with situational grief and distress (Haddad, Buszewicz, Murphy, 2011). Nurses must also identify the behavioral changes and risk of suicide in patients. Rational: There are many situational factors that lead to mental disorders and depression in individual. Identifying these situational factors is important to support patient in a relevant manner. Edward is in depression as he has been through traumatic event of his sons death and his other son also left him. He has lack of support, and feels that he his wife and son have become distant from him. By identifying correct situational factor nurse can help patient in developing effective coping skills (Abuhashem et al, 2015). Hopelessness Nursing intervention related to this risk is identifying and documenting the potential signs of suicidal tendency and self directed violence Rational: Hopelessness is directly linked with suicidal behavior and many other mental dysfunctions. Hopelessness and previous suicide attempts can lead to future completed suicide (Abuhashem et al, 2015). Nurses should encourage patients to look towards those reasons, which he has to live. Rational: Increasing the awareness for living helps in decreasing hopelessness (Abuhashem et al, 2015). References Abuhashem, W. A., Hamed, H., Hassan, M., Elias, A. (2015). Therapeutic Role of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing in Psychological Therapies (Quantitative and Qualitative Study).International Journal,3(6), 859-879. Amer, A. B. (2013). Informed consent in adult psychiatry.Oman medical journal,28(4), 228. Depression in residential aged care 20082012. (2013). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra. Retrieved From: https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129544771 Fragar, L., Henderson, A., Morton, C., Pollock, K. (2007). The mental health of people on Australian farms-the facts.Retrieved July,10, 2009. Fu, C. M., Parahoo, K. (2009). Causes of depression: Perceptions among people recovering from depression.Journal of advanced nursing,65(1), 101-109. Hindmarch, T., Hotopf, M., Owen, G. S. (2013). Depression and decision-making capacity for treatment or research: a systematic review.BMC medical ethics,14(1), 1. Haddad, M., Buszewicz, M. Murphy, B. (2011). Supporting people with depression and anxiety: a guide for practice nurses. London: Mind. Retrieved from: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1689/3/MIND_ProCEED_Training_Pack.pdf Klves, K., Milner, A., McKay, K., De Leo, D. (2012).Suicide in rural and remote areas of Australia. Brisbane, Australia: Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. Statistics on suicide in Australia. (2014). Retrieved From: https://www.livingisforeveryone.com.au/uploads/LIFE_fact_sheet_3_final.pdf Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Thomas, H. (2012). Assessing and managing depression in older people.Nursing times,109(43), 16-18. Townsend, M. C. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis.

Jump Ship To Freedom Essays - , Term Papers

Jump Ship To Freedom This book was about slavery and Arabus who wanted to be free and not have to answer to his slave master Ivers who treated him like dirt. It is hard to compare Arabus and me because there is not much in common between us. One thing we have in common is that we both believe that African Americans should not be discriminated apart from white people. Something that we don't have in common is that his father is dead and mine is not. We both have determination. Arabus was trying to become free by stealing his Fathers soldiers notes and then sailing with Ivers all the way to New York and then jumping off and swimming away from Ivers so he could find his fathers old friend and trading in his dads notes for money and then he could by his freedom and then buy his mothers freedom. I have never had to fight for my freedom but I think I would have the determination to fight for my freedom. We can both swim well. He proves he is a good swimmer when he jumps off the ship and swims away to get to New York. I have never proved I'm a good swimmer by swimming away. People know I can swim well because they have seen me swim at the pool. I don't think that I could swim away for as long as he did. The last thing that I will compare is the fact that he lost his dad when he was really young and I still have mine. His dad was a soldier that was fight and his ship sunk and was African American . My dad is not a soldier and he is not There are differences but I think we could be friends if we were the same age because we have the same morals. What we don't have in common are little things that don't matter as much.

10 Best Proposal Examples [With Critical Critiques]

10 Best Proposal Examples [With Critical Critiques] Earning more business starts most often with an effective proposal. Preparing a winning proposal means writing for the client and providing a clear, valuable solution to their problem. For every Request for Proposal (RFP), there are good and bad proposals. To understand how to improve your submissions, we have reviewed ten great examples. These examples are prepared by proposal software companies. All are free to view without registration. In this article, we will review these examples highlighting both the best practices used and common mistakes to avoid. If you are looking to create a winning business proposal for your company we suggest taking our proposal writing training course. 1. Digital Marketing Proposal This proposal is effective because it provides a clear, specific solution to the client’s problems. It opens with a value-oriented executive summary. The scope of services provides brief but informative summaries of the offered services. The very first paragraph states the specific benefits to the client. â€Å"... we are confident we can significantly increase your site traffic, customer engagement, and on-site conversions.† The timeline and the budget, persuasively phrased as ‘Your Investment’ are straightforward and easy for the client to understand and decide upon. The case study placement is a bit distracting, as it could be included near the end with the About Us section. 2. Financial Services Proposal The flow and content of this proposal are strong, with one significant exception: the About Us section. While the About Us and Team sections do add value, the client is most interested in the solution. If the solution is appropriate, then the people behind it are the next consideration. The first-page executive summary should be a convincing and specific overview for the reader. This section along with proposed service details, timelines and budget are read in depth. The About Us sections are simply skimmed. Whether using a software or your company’s template, present the client with the most important information first. Make it easy for the client to understand and see the value in your company's proposal. 3. Web Design Proposal This document clearly outlines the process for implementing the proposed services. The financials are broken down so the client can understand unit, hourly, and subscription costs. However, the About Us and Team sections come just after the introduction. Ensure the solution sections come first. 4. Engineering Services Proposal Here, the Project Background sections clearly outline the work process for the client. Each task is clarified and seems to respond to specifications of an RFP. Using client specifications to prepare a proposal makes it easier for the reader to understand how your solution directly solves their problem. This section is strong and should come just after the executive summary. However, the introductory summary should include more persuasive and specific language. As noted previously the Introduction and Team sections should fall towards the end of the proposal. Always lead with the benefit to the client. It’s not about your business. The focus should be how your business can help the client. 5. CRM Implementation Proposal The introduction or executive summary uses convincing language and bullet points to highlight the value. It could be improved by shifting the language from general CRM best practices to how the company can specifically offer them based on this proposal. Again, the About Us section should come after the proposal benefit-to-client details. 6. Freelance Writing Proposal A sleek web-based proposal that includes specific offerings and clarification of the value. The Introductory letter and Executive Summary have strong, persuasive elements that refer to specific client needs. These two elements could be combined to strengthen the first section. Again, the About Me should be presented after the solution.7. Insurance Services Proposal A brief proposal that covers a range of offerings. Nice overall use of white-space to allow the reader to skim and find the important information. The lengthy paragraphs could be shortened to increase readability and add to the white-space. Remember what we said about About Us? 8. Interior Design Proposal A visually compelling document suited for the industry. Bumping up the Project Showcase section would improve proposal flow.9. Graphic Design Proposal A simple but effective proposal. The introduction focuses on client needs (and would be more specific in a real-world document). Credentials, Testimonials, Selected Works should come after the Project Summary. 10. Project Management Proposal A thorough, understandable proposal that breaks down the process and pricing. The content highlights the company’s knowledge of client needs and their value proposition. However, the executive summary leaves much to be desired. Every sentence should be persuasive and specific, whereas this text is uninspiring and unclear. Conclusion Your proposal is your direct chance to win new business. Keep the client in mind in each step of proposal preparation. This strategy may mean revamping existing templates or starting fresh. Take the best parts of these examples, avoid the mistakes, and put your best foot forward to help the client.

Metals and corronslon Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Metals and corronslon - Lab Report Example Metals react with acids to give the metal salt and water. The purpose of this experiment is the determination of the different properties of metals. The properties determined include conductivity, hardiness, and Brittleness. Also, the ability of copper, iron and brass to resist corrosion was investigated in this experiment. All the three metals were placed in three different open beakers containing tap water and left there for 3 days. After the tree days, it the changes in the physical appearance of the metal was observed and recorded When one end of the three metals were heated and time taken for the heat to be transfred from the end being heated to the other opposite end taken, it was found that it was faster in copper than in iron and brass. From the experiment, it can be determined that iron and brass are prone to corrosion as compared to copper. Also, comparison of the brittleness of the three indicates that iron is more brittle as compared to copper and brass. The alloy of copper and iron, brass is harder than the pure metals. From the experiment, it can be concluded that copper metal is a good conductor of heat, iron is more brittle and brass is harder. Also, it can be conclude that, substances containing iron are more prone to corrosion as compared to substance lacking iron. This due to the presence of iron II Oxide that is converted to iron III Oxide which is the rust that causes

Human Resources Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources Quiz - Assignment Example The value to the organization is encouraged and motivated employees if positive feedback is offered that can lead to better competitive advantage and human capital development. It builds productivity in worker groups and promotes teamwork if performance is linked with reward or discipline systems. Performance management helps leaders and managers identify better methods for improving motivation and loyalty and also sets important standards for how to reach important long-term goals and satisfy the corporate mission. The value for the individual is better cooperative behaviors that build teamwork, better relationships with the human resources manager and line managers, and gives them opportunities to develop skills. Results-based rewards can build self-confidence and esteem. If the job criteria is clearly listed and they understand, through the performance management system, how to reach goals, the employee will feel valued and more empowered. Question 2 The term business is behavior means that in order for a company to be successful, it relies on the talents, ambitions and productivity of workers. Employees need to have a positive attitude in areas of customer service and in terms of their relationships with co-workers and management staff. ... Unbreakable behavior laws are those behaviors that do not change over time and have to do with human behavior internally. There are fundamental inherent beliefs that do not change as related to culture and background that are created by family or lifestyle that will not change without significant effort on behalf of the business leaders, therefore considered unbreakable. Behavior is key to quality because of the many outputs that a business relies on to be successful in achieving its goals. Quality means satisfying customers, making sure their jobs are performed properly the first time, and even in relation to training packages. Employees who are not motivated will exhibit poor behaviors and the quality of their work will be lessened. Therefore, human resource managers must try to satisfy employees with appraisal-based rewards or simply improving their job environment so that they remain loyal. Without these elements, there is no quality outputs. Question 3 Pinpointing is a precision effort to identify specific goals or targets and then setting about the task of developing programs to support what has been discovered through this research. It is an exacting science of understanding in exacting detail the behaviors that one wants to be able to influence. Pinpointing is ensuring that the human resources manager does not get off track and develops only the type of training or development needed to reach a very specific goal. For example, if a company needed to reduce costs in the customer service call center, they would only target this division and focus on job roles at the individual level to identify areas where savings can be found. It prevents duplicating efforts and helps to remain specific before developing an appropriate program of action. Pinpointing applies

Is Adorno being elitist when he criticises the culture industry Essay

Is Adorno being elitist when he criticises the culture industry - Essay Example ts came from educated-in-elite-school-system Germans such as Schopenhauer, Martin Luther, Immanuel Kant, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Bach, Beethoven and Goethe. There was a point in time where the German elite formed the main part of the intelligentsia. â€Å"The Germans are literary people. The country is after all das Land der Dichter und Denker, the land of poets and thinkers.† (Wasser, 2006) To understand whether Theodore Adorno in his criticism of art, music and culture was guided by the moralist, egalitarian, capitalist or totalitarian stance, this paper will focus on Adorno’s biography and his contributions to the development of the culture industry as well as his critical views on music and popular culture. For the purpose of clarity and space, Adorno’s early works (1941-1941) will be used as reference to build the entire paper. In 1903 in Frankfurt, Germany, Theodore Adorno opened his eyes to an affluent and educated family. Both â€Å"his mother and sister were accomplished musicians and it was from them that he received his initial training and encouragement in his life-long love for music† (Jay, 1973). His Jewish roots ultimately became the deciding factor in his philosophical writings and thoughts, especially after Hitler’s totalitarian regime and the Nazi Holocaust swept over Germany with millions of Jews persecuted under it. During this time, Adorno was forced into exile and spent the next 16 years of his life in England and the US before returning to Germany to complete his doctorate in Philosophy from Frankfurt University. Adorno’s position on culture and the music industry has managed to establish key influences in the domain of media studies. His ideas about these industries were critical and in some cases, pessimistic. Adorno analyses the dynamics of the culture industry in the context of ‘standardization’ underlining it as a fundamental characteristic of pop music. He quotes himself: â€Å"A clear judgment concerning the

Linear And Non Linear Voltage Divider Engineering Essay

Linear And Non Linear Voltage Divider Engineering Essay The report describes an investigation of how linear and non-linear voltage divider type of circuit relies on the application of Ohms law (1). The linear circuit was consisted of series resistors. Separating the total resistance of the circuit into two parts, the circuit functions as a voltage divider across which output voltages, and are taken. The report hence is also study the operation of a voltage divider and finds that the total voltage drop around a single close path divides among the series resistors in amounts directly proportional to the resistance values (2) so the formula where and are the output voltages across the resistance and respectively was derive. The investigation was conduct under range of DC and AC input voltages so the ratio between the output voltages was compared to the required ratio of 2:1. This was successfully matched within the tolerance of  ±5% thus; the proportionality of the output voltages to the input voltages proves the linearity of the circuit and it applicability to Ohms law. The non-linear circuit was consisted of 1kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ resistor and a filament bulb. The investigation was conduct under range of DC and AC input voltages and shows that the recorded measurement of the output voltage across the bulb, , was not showing linear trend with respect to the input voltage, . Inspection of the IV chrematistic of the filament bulb shows that the bulb is a non-ohmic conductor. Looking at the linear band the resistance of 61.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ was found Introduction Work objective Choosing the right apparatus and components is essential when designing electronic circuits. This needs to be done carefully so the measurements will be as accurate as possible. This report aims to find a procedure of choosing the right resistors and the method of using them. This concept together with how to recognise resistors values, measuring potential difference across a component and the physics of the filament bulb will be examined in the background to the experiment work. Understanding the specification set out in the task is key factor in completing the practical work. The report will examine the theory applied to the voltage divider and by using the definition of current, voltage, electrical resistance and power, the report will obtain the voltage divider formula and the assumption that these formula are based on. The report will then present the prediction based on the theory. The report will show the method of how the wide range of reading is to be taken and explain which variables are going to change and which variables will be kept the same. Also, the particular method to test the prediction and completing the exercise script will be presented as well as the reason for why this method was chosen. Finally, the report will analyze one of the simple basic circuits: the voltage divider. The report will evaluate the evidence and procedures and a comment on the accuracy and reliability of the result. The last section will suggest ways the measurement could be made more accurate and reliable and how this experiment might be extended. Background to the experimental work RESISTOR POWER RATINGS The amount of power in a resistor is important because the power rating of the resistor must be high enough to handle the expected power in the circuit. The resistors used in this experiment are type CRF16. These have small case size and full power rating of 0.25 W. To specify the required minimum resistance the following procedure is adopted: Determine the total resistance: The total series resistance, , is the sum of all resistors in the series circuit. Next, the current, , need to be calculated. When resistors are connected in series and a voltage is applied across the series connection, there is only one path for current; therefore each resistor in series has the same amount of current through it. Using Ohms law which states that the current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance (1) the equation: where, is the source voltage is derive. Then the power, , in each resistor is: Substituting (1.1-2) into (1.1-3), the following equation is obtained: rearranging to rescue : THE RESISTORS COLOR CODES The resistors used in this experiment are common fix resistor constructed using carbon film. The resistive carbon evenly distributed along the high-grade ceramic rod. In order to differentiate between the resistors value and confirming the values and tolerance when they are connected to the circuit, a color coding system is used. The resistors used in this experiment are coded with four bands. The first and the second band closer to the end represent the first and second digit respectively. The third band represents the multiplier, i.e. the number of zeros following the second digit. In this experiment the last band represent tolerance value of  ±5% and it is a gold color. The table in appendix 3 shows the resistance value of a resistor with 4-band color code. MEASURING VOLTAGE A DMM has a floating common, so it can be connected to any point in the circuit and read the correct voltage between the two leads. Measuring voltage with oscilloscope may create a grounding problem since the generator and the oscilloscope have a common ground. The problem occurs when trying to measure the voltage across the component that is not connected to ground. Trying to do so, will effectively short out of the circuit all the components that connected from the terminal at which the measurement is taken to the ground terminal and the voltage measured is meaningless. This is become very important when current sensitive components like the filament bulb are connected in the circuit. The resistor is therefore the current limiting impedance. Shorting out the resistor could raise the current to levels that could cause permanent damage to the bulb. The solution to the problem is usually to recognise the grounding points of the circuit and connecting the oscilloscope to these points only. To find out the voltage across the component which is not connected to ground, the method used is to subtract the measured volt age from the input voltage THE FILAMENT LAMP (7) The filament is made of tungsten wire and it is essentially a device for converting electrical input energy into an output of radiant energy in the form of light and heat. According the temperature at which the filament glows will determine the appearance of the light emitted. The tungsten wire is very fine in diameter; the wire is coil as shown in Fig. 1.1.4-1. The closer the spacing of the coils the hotter the filament can operate. The filament lamp to be used in this experiment is yellow filament lamp size 4mm and it is rated at 12V, 30mA with output energy of 0.7 Lumens. The ideal operation condition for AC is stabilized 50Hz. This bulb is sensitive to operation with DC as the one direction current flow causes an effect named DC notching where the filament wire is becoming weak. The report will define the metal (tungsten) filament lamp device by the current voltage (I/V) characteristics and will explain the difference in behavior of the tungsten filament light bulb. Figure .1.4-1 Single Coil filament (7) UNCERTAINTY IN CALCULATED VALUES (8) The arithmetic mean ratio, , will be calculated by the following equation: (1.1.5-1) where can have any integer value, is the number of observations and represent any of the observation. Having obtained a mean value, , the precision of the experiment will be quantified by using the equation for standard deviation, , for the special case where all data points have equal weight (1.1.5-2 ) The standard deviation, defined by Eq. (1.1.5-2) provides the random uncertainty estimate for any one of the measurements used to compute . The standard deviation of the mean value of a set of measurements , when all measurement have equal statistical weight is given by The results in this report will be stated in term of the percent or fractional uncertainty, . Multiply by 100. The relationship between and is as follows Theory Governing equations This section will consider a single-loop circuit, as shown in figure 2.1-1 in order to develop the equations relative to the experiment. The direction of the resistor voltages and current are marked according the convention set by Ohms law: Electron flow current is defined to be into the negative side of each resistor and out of the negative side of each resistor and out of the more positive (less negative) side. With regards to the source electrons flow current is defined to be out of the negative side of a source and into the positive side. Figure .1-1 Single-loop circuit with voltage source vs. Using Kirchhoffs current low at each node. The following four equations can be obtained: (2.1-1) a: (2.1-2) b: (2.1-3) c: (2.1-4) d: Each of these equations can be derived from the other three equations. Since the current is the same at all point in a series circuit the following equation is noted: so that the current can be said to be the loop current and flows continuously around the loop from a to b to c to d and back to a. The connection of resistor is Fig 2.1-1 is said to be a series connection since all the elements carry the same current. In order to determine, we use the principle of superposition where voltage sources in series add algebraically and Kirchhoffs voltage low around the loop: The sum of all voltage drops around a single closed path in a circuit is equal to the total source voltage, in that loop. (2.1-5) where are the voltage across the resistors . Also from Kirchhoffs voltage law: The algebraic sum of all the voltages (both source and drops) around a single closed path is zero. The voltage drops in a circuit are always opposite in polarity to the total source voltage. Eq. (2.1-5) can be written as: (2.1-6) Using Ohms law for each resistor, Eq. (2.1-6) can be written as: Solving for , we have Thus, the voltage across the nth resistor is and can be obtained as A voltage drop results from a decrease in energy level across the resistor. A voltage divider is a series arrangement of resistor connected to a voltage source. Thus, the voltage appearing across one of a series resistors connected in series with a voltage source will be the ratio of its resistance to the total resistance. This circuit shown in Fig 2.1-2 demonstrates the principle of voltage division, and the circuit is called a voltage divider or potential divider In general, the voltage divider principle is represented by the equation where , is the voltage across the nth resistor of N resistors connected in series. A voltage divider is so named because the voltage drop across any resistor in the series circuit is divided down from the total voltage by an amount proportional to that resistance value in relation to the total resistance. Comparing the circuit shown in figure 2.1-1 and the circuit shown in figure 2.1-2, the current are identical when and the resistance is said to be an equaivient resistance of the series connection of resistors and . To determine the resistance and required so that the ratio between the voltages cross and will be 2:1 we consider the voltage across the first resistance And across the second resistance The lab script desire, so division of the first equation in the second results The constant of proportionality is called the gain of the voltage divider. The value of the gain is determined by the resistance RA and RB (4) Choosing the value of the resistors. It wasnt possible to chose values The total resistance between any two points in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all the resistors connected in series between those two points. In our simple circuit if the voltage source connected to a resistance Rx and Ry as shoen in figureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, for this circuit If all the resistors in a series circuit are of equal value, the total resistance is the number of resistor multiplied by the resistance value of one resistor. The total power in a resistive circuit is the sum of all the individual powers of the resistor making up the series circuit. Ground (Common) is zero volts with respect to all points referenced to it in the circuit. Negative ground is the term used when the negative side of the source is grounded. Positive ground is the term used when the positive side of the source is grounded. The voltage across an open component always equals to the source voltage. The voltage across a shorted component is always 0 V. The circuit constructed was consisting of series string of resistors connected to a voltage source. Although there can be any number there are two voltage drop across the resistors: One across R1 and one across R2. These voltages drops are V1 and V2 respectively, as indicated iun the schematic. Since each resistor has the same current, the voltage drops are proportional to the resistance value. For example if R2 us twice of R1. Then the valye of V2 is twice that of V1. The total voltage drop around a single closed path divides among the series resistors in amounts directly proportional to the resistance value. The voltage divider is an important application of series circuits. This report will derive and apply the voltage-divider formula in order to obtain ratio of 2:1 between output voltages. A series circuit can have only one path for current. The total resistance of a series circuit is found by the following equation: Kirchhoffs voltage law Total power If three equal resistors are used in a voltage divider, the voltage across each one will be one-third of the source voltage. A potentiometer can be used as an adjustable voltage divider. The essential circuit of a voltage divider, also called potential divider is: The voltage divider equation can be written as The power dissipated by the resistor in a series circuit is the same as the power supplied by the source. The theory applied to the circuit consists of a few calculation to develop a formula for determining how the voltage divided among series resistors. The resistance between two terminals can be considered as one part and the resistance between other two terminals can be considered as another part. The knowledge of how the filament lamp behaves under varying conditions of current and voltage is essential in building electronic circuits consists of the filament lamp therefore characteristic would be shown as a graph of the current (y-axis) versus voltage (x-axis) for the filament lamp. It will show how the electric current flowing through the component varies as the voltage across the filament lamp is gradually increases by the experimenter. The electric current in this experiment is the dependent variable i.e. it is dependent upon the voltage setting chosen by the experimenter. Assumptions statement The resistors used in this experiment are given with a certain tolerance of 5% The exact resistor values dont matter, so long as their ratio is correct The formula and the approximate rules given above assume that negligible current flows from the output. This is true if Vo is connected to a device with a high resistance such as voltmeter or an IC input. Experimental procedure and results Experimental procedure APPARTUS AND COMPONENETS To carry the experiment the use of the following apparatus and components is required: Breadboard Black wire to connect between the circuit and the negative supply terminal Red wire to connect between the circuit and the positive supply terminal EL302Tv DC Power Supply to supply DC voltage MTX3240 5MHz Signal generator TDS2002B digital oscilloscope to measure the output AC voltage Fluke 115 digital multimeter to measure output DC voltage Resistor Carbon Film 5% 0.25W brown-black-red-gold Resistor Carbon Film 5% 0.25W brown-black-red-gold Resistor Carbon Film 5% 0.25W brown-black-red-gold Filament lamp T1.25 12V 30mA, bi-pin 2 Croc Clips T-Piece Electronics Test Probe REPERTORY OF METHODS The set up of the apparatus needs to be done correctly and skilfully. The quantities measured are Checking for errors in the measuring instruments and the need to take action should errors are found This experiment begins with the three 1 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ carbon film resistors with tolerance of 5% and power rating of 0.25W. Confirming the right resistors are used by comparing it with 1 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ colour coding: Brown-Black-Red-Gold and measuring and recording their values as R1, R2 and R3 Connecting the two legs of the resistors in series on the bread board. Connect the bread board to the power supply and the multimeter as shown in figure . the negative terminal of the power supply and the red probe to the positive terminal of the power supply to record the source voltage Vin, move the red probe to the terminal point A to record the voltage drop across R1. To record the voltage across the upper resistor change the multimeter connection to the circuit as shown in figure. noting the voltage drop across the other two resistors as V2 The main function of the 1 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ resistor in this circuit is to control the current and the voltage across the lamp. If too much current flow through the filament lamp it is destroyed so the resistor is used to limit the current. Connect the circuit on the bread board as shown if figure below Measure the source voltage, VS and the voltage across the filament, Vf for different Source voltage as shown in table 2. Calculate the current, If using Ohms law. Calculate the resistance of the filament Rf Vs(V) Vr (V) IF=VR/R (A) VF(V) RF=VF/IF (Ohm) 2 4 6 8 . . . Table 3.1.2 I-V characteristics of a filament Plot a graph of Vf versus IF and find the resistance of the filament at two points A and B specified below: Resistance at A (Vf=1V), RA= Resistance at B (Vf=3V), RB= It is clear that the resistance at B is greater. This is because Results [The results that appear in this section will be those on which the discussions will be based and from which the graphical plots will be represented. Results will normally have the units of the SI, although some may have traditional units, e.g. motor speed/rpm.] Table 2 Amplifier gain as a function of frequency from the measurements of input signal amplitude and output signal amplitude the voltage gain has been calculated as shown in Table 2 Axes shall not have arrow heads at their ends, and division marks on an axis shall not be closer than 20 mm. Data points should preferably be shown by small circles, squares or triangles with a dot in the centre; crosses, either vertical or inclined, may be used when all other options have been exhausted. Do not use colour to differentiate between curves on the same figure; use different legends (e.g. circle and square) and perhaps different line types (e.g. continuous and broken). Give a legend key to describe the curves. Keep a figure free from extraneous text and lines, such as a right angle and a calculation to determine a slope. It would also help to show a thin lined grid. Discussion Interpretation of and/or commentary on the results The discussion is the interpretation of and/or commentary on the results and the reasoning on which the conclusions are founded. For example, in a figure showing the variation of voltage gain of an amplifier with frequency might exhibit a slight increase in gain at high frequency before the main fall off in gain. Your text in the discussion should give reasons for this behaviour. A variable resistor which can be varied by moving a knob or slider could also be used for this experiment. Connecting the pots three leg so it could act as a potential divider. Adjusting the potentiometer mechanism until the voltmeter register exactly 1/3 of total voltage between the wiper and the positive terminal and checking that this ratio maintain for double the voltage. Precision estimation It is in the Discussion section that an estimate of the precision of your results should be given. Conclusions The conclusions represents a clear and orderly presentation of the deductions made after full consideration of the results of the work. .. the details of an involved argument or result should not be included. Making sure that the power ratings of the resistors are adequate for the application Not all componenets obey Ohms law for the variation of current with voltage. Ohms law describes the behaviour of metals but even for these materials the law is only obeyed under very specific conditions of constant temperature and pressure. Thus Ohms law describes obly the behaviour of one type of material (metals) under very specific conditions. The voltage divider is a very important basic circuit. The voltage divider is a very simple circuit that can be highly accurate if not loaded down. Understanding the principle of voltage divider helps in designing sensor systems and guide how to provide reference voltages to an electronic circuit in an analog-to-digital converter. use resistors in an appropriate configuration. low resistance values will draw a significant amount of current from the original source. This is probably acceptable if the original source is an electronic power supply, but not if its an actual battery. Thus, this use of a voltage divider is reasonable and appropriate in some circumstances, but not in all cases The proportionality of voltage drops (ratio of one to another) is strictly a function of resistance values. the voltage drop across each resistor is also a fixed proportion of the supply voltage. The voltage divider is a very important basic circuit, and exploring the calculation above with various values can give you insight into a large number of practical circuit applications. The ratio of individual resistance to total resistance is the same as the ratio of individual voltage drop to total supply voltage in a voltage divider circuit. This is known as the voltage divider formula, and it is a short-cut method for determining voltage drop in a series circuit without going through the current calculation(s) of Ohms Law. Voltage dividers find wide application in electric meter circuits, where specific combinations of series resistors are used to divide a voltage into precise proportions as part of a voltage measurement device. nn linear resistance thus Ohms law is only applicable at the linear band of the bulb resistance which is found to be 61.2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. conclusions about the work you did including any suggestions or modifications to the experiment

Internet Censorship :: essays research papers

Internet Censorship For centuries governments have tried to regular materials deemed inappropriate or offensive. The history of western censorship was said to have begun when Socrates was accused "firstly, of denying the gods recognized by the State and introducing new divinities, and secondly of corrupting the young." He was sentenced to death for these crimes. Many modern governments are attempting to control access to the Internet. They are passing regulations that restrict the freedom people once took for granted. The Internet is a world wide network that should not be regulated or censored by any on country. It is a complex and limitless network which allows boundless possibilities and would be effected negatively by the regulations and censorship that some countries are intent on establishing. Laws that are meant for other types of communication will not necessarily apply in this medium. There are no physical locations where communications take place, making it difficult to determine where violations of the law should be prosecuted. There is anonymity on the Internet and so ages and identities are not known this makes it hard to determine if illegal activities are taking place in regards to people under the legal age. As well, it is difficult to completely delete speech once it has been posted, Meaning that distributing materials that are obscene are banned becomes easy The American Library Association (ALA) has a definition that states censorship is â€Å"the change in the access status of material, made by a governing authority or its representatives. Such changes include: exclusion, restriction, remove, or age/grade level changes.† This definition, however, has a flaw in that it only recognizes one form of censorship-governmental censorship. Cyberspace, a common name for the Net, has been defined by one author as being "made up of millions of people who communicate with one another through computers. It is also "information stored on millions of computers worldwide, accessible to others through telephone lines and other communication channels "that" make up what is known as cyberspace." The same author went on to say " term itself is elusive, since it is not so much a physical entity as a description of an intangible." The complexity of the Internet is demonstrated through its many components. The most readily identifiable part is the World Wide Web (WWW). This consists of web pages that can be accessed through the use of a web browser. Web pages are created using a basic programming language. Another easily identified section of the Internet is e-mail. Once again it is a relatively user-friendly communication device. Some other less publicized sections of the Internet include: Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which allows real time chatting to